What role has comorbidity in differences in outcomes of men and women with less advanced CKD?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, and for some people eventually leads to needing dialysis or a transplant, high risk of death and other bad outcomes such as heart attacks. Some of the risk factors for CKD are the same as those for heart attacks e.g. underlying heart disease. Amongst people with CKD we will investigate whether differences in these risk factors (comorbidities) account for differences in these outcomes and whether this varies between men and women. This may be useful to help tell people whether they are at a high risk of a bad outcome and guide care.